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New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the
New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the
world.6 The city is referred to as New York City or the City of New York to
distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. A global power
city,7 New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art,
fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the
United Nations Headquarters,8 New York is an important center for international
diplomacy9 and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.1011
On one of the world's largest natural harbors,12 New York City consists of five
boroughs, each of which is a county of New York State.13 The five boroughs¡ªThe
Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island¡ªwere consolidated into a
single city in 1898.14 With a census-estimated 2012 population of 8,336,69715
distributed over a land area of just 302.64 square miles (783.8 km2),4 New York
is the most densely populated major city in the United States.16 As many as 800
languages are spoken in New York,1718 making it the most linguistically diverse
city in the world.19 By 2012 census estimates, the New York Metropolitan Area's
population remains by a significant margin the United States' largest
Metropolitan Statistical Area, with approximately 19.8 million people,20 and is
also part of the most populous Combined Statistical Area in the United States,
containing an estimated 23.4 million people.21
New York traces its roots to
its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was
named New Amsterdam in 1626.22 The city and its surroundings came under English
control in 1664222324 New York served as the capital of the United States from
1785 until 1790.25 It has been the country's largest city since 1790.26 The
Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship
in the late 19th and early 20th centuries27 and is a globally recognized symbol
of the United States and its democracy.28
Many districts and landmarks in New
York City have become well known to its approximately 55 million annual
visitors.29 Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in
the world.303132 Times Square, iconified as "The Crossroads of the World",33 is
the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway theatre district,34 one of the
world's busiest pedestrian intersections,3536 and a major center of the world's
entertainment industry.37 The names of many of the city's bridges,
skyscrapers,38 and parks are known around the world. New York City's financial
district, anchored by Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, has been called the
world's leading financial center3940 and is home to the New York Stock Exchange,
the world's largest stock exchange by total market capitalization of its listed
companies.41 Manhattan's real estate market is among the most expensive in the
world.42 Manhattan's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese
people in the Western Hemisphere.4344 Providing continuous 24/7 service,45 the
New York City Subway is one of the most extensive rapid transit systems
worldwide. Numerous colleges and universities are in New York,46 including
Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, which have
been ranked among the top 35 in the world.
New York City is in the
Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately
halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston.96 The location at the mouth of the
Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the
Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Much
of New York is built on the three islands of Manhattan, Staten Island, and Long
Island, making land scarce and encouraging a high population density.
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